Provinsi Maluku merupakan rawan bencana gempa bumi , banjir , dan juga Tsunami.
Melalui Joint Paper
“ASEAN Community in a Global Community of Nations”
Indonesian-Australian
Paper:
A Practical Approach to Enhance
Regional Cooperation
on Disaster Rapid Response
Introduction: Natural Disasters a Constant Threat
1. Natural disasters continue to cause loss of life, properties and livelihoods in the
region and impede sustainable development. Recent disasters such as earthquakes and tsunami, floods and volcanic eruptions, are a reminder that the region remains prone to disasters that have long-term negative
social, economic and environmental consequences.
2.Disaster management and response is a key priority for the East Asia Summit
(EAS). This is clearly articulated in the 2009 Cha-am Hua Hin Statement on
Disaster Management. Natural disasters have a profound
human and economic
cost for the countries in our region. Large populations are vulnerable to
flooding, earthquakes or volcanic activity. Much of the region is prone to
extreme weather events, including tropical cyclones, storm surges and forest
fires.
3.
E
AS participating countries accounted for eight of the world’s ten deadliest
disasters in 2009 and five of the ten in 2010. Smaller scale natural disasters
resulted in scores of deaths and extensive damage to infrastructure, property
and livelihoods, with
developing countries bearing the bulk of the burden.
4.
According to the UN’s Asia
-
Pacific Disaster Report 2010, the number of
disaster events reported globally increased from 1,690 to 3,886 between 1980
-
1989 and 1999
-
2009. Over the whole period 1980
-
2009, 4
5 per cent of these
were in Asia and the Pacific.
a.The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami cost the lives of over 250,000 people in
the region, with 45.6 million people affected by the disaster.
2
b.
The 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, China, cost the lives of more than
69,000 people and caused US$85 billion damage.
c.
The 2009 earthquake in Padang, West Sumatra, cost the lives of 1,100
people and caused the destruction of more than 300,000 buildings.
d.
The estimated cost of reconstruction after the recent earthquakes
in New
Zealand’s Canterbury region is around US$12 billion, 7.5 per cent of
national GDP.
e.
In Japan, in addition to the tragic deaths of more than 15,000 people,
estimates put direct losses from damage to housing, infrastructure and
business caused by t
he 2011 earthquake and tsunami at up to US$300
billion, making it the costliest disaster on record.
The increase in reported incidents could be related to many factors including increasing population exposed to
hazards and improvements in reporting and
collection of disaster data (
http://www.unescap.org/idd/pubs/Asia
-
Pacific
-
Disaster
-
Report
-
2010.pdf
).
Responding to disasters on this scale and frequency stretches the res
ources of
even the best
-
prepared countries. Recent experiences have shown that the
3
region could do more to build a
substantive capacity for preparing for and
managing disasters, including facilitating a rapid multilateral and cross
-
agency
response capacit
y. The bulk of government
-
led international assistance in a
given disaster situation is generally provided on a bilateral basis and in
response to a specific request by the government of the affected country. The
right to offer, invite, accept or refuse
assistance in a disaster situation resides
with national governments. But the EAS can provide direction, impetus and
institutional support to a more cohesive, coordinated and effective regional
disaster management and response effort.
Current Policy Res
ponses
5.
In response to such natural disasters, the Association of South East Asian
Nations (ASEAN), the East Asia Summit (EAS), the ASEAN Regional Forum
(ARF), and many other groupings and mechanisms have made arrangements
on disaster mitigation and managem
ent a priority.
6.
Complex and overlapping sub
-
national, national, regional and global
arrangements for disaster preparedness, response and relief risk confounding
efforts to build the region’s disaster management and response capacity rather
than assisting t
hem.
7.
The EAS itself has expressed its firm resolve to cooperate on reduction and
management by adopting the 2009 Cha
-
am Hua Hin Statement on EAS
Disaster Management. In addition, there is a range of agreements and
arrangements under ASEAN, the ASEAN Region
al Forum and between
ASEAN and various Dialogue Partners, namely the:
a.
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response
(AADMER), which seeks to reduce disaster losses and jointly respond to
disaster emergencies through regional and internation
al cooperation;
b.
ASEAN Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby
Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency
Response Operations;
c.
ASEAN Declaration on Cooperation in Search and Rescue of Persons
and Vessels in Distress at
Sea;
d.
Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for
Humanitarian Assistance;
e.
ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM), which meets
twice a year and ACDM+3 which meets once a year;
f.
ASEAN
Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM
-
Plu
s),
which has
established an Experts’ Working Group on humanitarian assistance and
4
disaster relief;
g.
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which has a long
-
standing inter
-
sessional meeting process on disaster relief and has held desk
-
top and
field exercises;
h.
Asian D
evelopment Bank, which assists countries in reducing
vulnerabilities to risk and responding faster to disaster impacts, including
through grants to developing member countries affected by natural
disasters; and
i.
APEC’s Emergency Preparedness Working Group,
which seeks to
improve the region’s preparation for and response to emergencies and
disasters by helping to reduce risk and building business and community
resilience.
8.
Despite the proliferation of such arrangements and agreements, a basic
challenge remains
: is the region now actually better prepared to respond to
natural disasters in a rapid, timely and effective manner, especially in the
immediate life
-
saving moments?
A Strengthened Role for the EAS
9.
In recognition of the existing efforts, the objective in
the context of the EAS is
to simplify and improve existing arrangements to better prepare for and
manage natural disasters and to rapidly and effectively respond in the
immediate aftermath of a natural disaster to maximize life saving efforts.
10.
The aim i
s not to create another institution but to make existing institutional
arrangements work effectively.
11.
While significant progress has already been made, further work needs to be
done by
EAS participating countries
, particularly through ASEAN
mechanisms, to
continue to enhance national preparedness, reduce risk, and
build capacity for countries in the region to be able to: better self
-
manage
disasters in their own territory; assist with responding to disasters elsewhere in
the region; and better receive, coor
dinate and integrate international assistance
when national capabilities are overwhelmed in a disaster situation.
12.
Recent experience has highlighted three clusters of issues where gaps in
regional readiness and response exist and in relation to which greate
r effort by
EAS participating countries would have a positive effect, namely:
a.
Cluster I
–
information
-
sharing;
b.
Cluster II
–
overcoming bottlenecks; and
c.
Cluster III
–
capacity building and promoting collaboration and
5
partnership in disaster response (inte
roperability).
13.
It is proposed that the EAS consider focusing its disaster preparedness and
response efforts around these three clusters.
Cluster I
–
Information
-
sharing
14.
The Cha
-
am Hua Hin Statement highlighted the importance of establishing a
network to
provide timely and reliable information as well as rapid disaster
response. Recent experience has served as a reminder that real
-
time
information exchange in the immediate aftermath of disasters remains a
particular challenge. For this reason, considerati
on should be given to
developing and strengthening online AHA Centre
information
-
sharing portal
to
disseminate information to EAS participating countries
. The information
-
sharing portal would, among others, have three main functions:
a.
Real
-
time information
The portal would allow countries to share information on disasters in
real
-
time. This information could include casualty and damage
assessments, as well as initial response measures by the disaster
-
affected country. In addition, disaster impact informati
on could also
be provided by third countries, for example, through satellite images,
with the consent of the affected country. This would inform the
response planning of donors and allow faster communication than is
possible through diplomatic channels.
b.
Resource matching
The portal would allow disaster
-
affected countries to list what
resources, supplies and equipment they needed. If a donor supplied
the requested resource, this would be recorded on the portal. This
would avoid duplication of effort by don
ors.
c.
Other policy and operational gaps
Other issues that the portal could help address, but which would also
need to be addressed collectively by
EAS participating countries
through other means, include:
lack of comprehensive regional vulnerability and h
azard mapping,
coupled with inaccurate or insufficient resource gap analysis
which can lead to inappropriate assistance being requested and/or
offered;
limited sharing of information or information
-
gathering and
analysis capability and lack of a cohesive
or agreed system to
6
ensure quick collection and exchange of data when a disaster
occurs;
limited on
-
the
-
ground coordination of international responses,
including matching offers of assistance to requests and needs;
international assistance that does not a
lways support national
disaster response priorities;
specific capacity or capability gaps that vary by country and
requirement, for example, in strategic airlift, urban search and
rescue, advanced data collection and mapping; and
the lack of a comprehensiv
e understanding of what resources,
assets and capabilities are available in the region to assist when
required and what the key capability gaps are in a given country
or region.
d.
Outreach
With the consent of EAS participating countries, the portal could al
so
serve as a source of information to various non
-
EAS entities including
relevant international organizations and other non
-
governmental
humanitarian disaster
-
relief agencies.
The
portal could enhance these
relevant entities’ rapid and effective involvem
ent and participation in
disaster relief efforts.
Cluster
II
–
Overcoming bottlenecks
15.
EAS participating countries have shown willingness to mobilise assets and
capacities as appropriate in an effective and timely manner in response to
disasters. There nev
ertheless remain a number of bottlenecks that impede the
timely delivery of support. These include requirements related, but not limited
to, licensing, visas, customs barriers, quarantine, taxation and privileges and
immunities.
16.
Consideration should be giv
en to ways in which EAS participating countries
could remove or minimise such bottlenecks.
17.
EAS participating countries should consider mechanisms to allow rapid
deployment and acceptance of assistance personnel and supplies, including
through the developme
nt and use of voluntary model arrangements and/or
binding bilateral agreements, taking into account the existing mechanisms in
the region.
7
Cluster III
–
Capacity building and promoting collaboration and partnership in disaster
response (interoperability)
18.
Better management of and responses to regional disasters are impeded in part
by:
a.
varying institutional capacity to receive appropriate international
assistance quickly when this is offered; and
b.
varying capacity for international responders (government and
non
-
government) to be trained and accredited to a certain standard and to be
self
-
sufficient and self
-
contained once deployed to a disaster.
19.
EAS participating countries should promote capacity building, including
through disaster relief exercises, trainin
g, workshops and exchanges of staff
and/or secondments, including in the cluster I and II areas as identified above.
20.
Capacity building activities in the form of exercises can also be undertaken
through existing mechanisms, including the ASEAN Regional Disa
ster
Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX) and ARF Disaster Relief
Exercise (DiREx).
Way forward
21.
Each EAS
participating
country shall designate a national focal point, or
sherpa, in disaster rapid response preparedness, preferably the head of i
ts
disaster management agency.
22.
The nat
ional focal po
int will take the lead for EAS country delegations which
would meet twice a year or when it deems necessary in the form of an
expanded ASEAN Committee for Disaster Management
(the expanded
ACDM)
.
23.
The
exp
anded ACDM would
meet back
-
to
-
back with the ACDM and would
report to East Asia Summit (EAS) leaders through the EAS SOM and EAS
Foreign
M
i
nisters’ C
onsult
ations.
a.
In rec
ognition of the new work to be undertaken and the importance of
implementing leaders’ de
cisions, the
expanded ACDM
would be
supported by a
secreta
rial unit attached to AHA Centre
,
to be funded by
Australia, with contributions from other EAS part
i
cipating countries
on a
voluntary basis.
b.
The
expanded ACDM
would consult closely with the ADMM
-
Plu
s
Experts’ Working Group on Humanitarian and Disaster relief and the
ARF ISM on Disaster Relief.
8
24.
In its first three years, the
expanded ACDM
would be guided by a work
program based on the schema set out below.
Year 1 (2012)
25.
Year one would focus on develop
ing a work program and identifying
necessary institutional reform options that would maximise coordination of
existing regional disaster response mechanisms.
a.
The
expanded ACDM
would be established with responsibility for
providing to leaders options for th
e best possible coordination of existing
institutional arrangements.
b.
Developing and strengthening online AHA Centre information
-
sharing
portal to provide timely and reliable information as well as rapid disaster
response
c.
In developing options for leaders,
the
expanded ACDM
would consider
appropriate arrangements to allow rapid deployment and acceptance of
personnel and supplies, including the development and use of voluntary
model arrangements, binding bilateral agreements and/or the
development of a region
al arrangement to
remove or minimise
bottlenecks.
d.
Based on input from the heads of EAS countries’ disaster management
agencies (HDMAs), the
expanded ACDM
would identify licensing,
quarantine, customs, taxation and legal barriers which can prevent,
impede o
r delay the implementation and repatriation of specialised
equipment and capabilities (such as tents, specialised tools and sniffer
dogs) and propose solutions.
e.
HDMAs would establish and make available through the
expanded
ACDM
/information portal a registr
y of national official requirements for
rapid admission and accreditation of skilled professionals (law
enforcement, medical) in a disaster situation.
f.
HDMAs would also disseminate world’s best practice systems and share
lessons learned from recent disaster
s.
Year 2 (2013)
26.
Activities in year two should focus on desk
-
top exercises covering a range of
scenarios, including:
a.
flooding, seismic events or fire management or areas of sectoral
expertise such as deceased victim identification, urban search and rescue
,
9
medical, engineering, law enforcement
i.
identifying the full range of strengths and weaknesses of existing
systems and capabilities; and
ii.
linking with ARF and ADMM
-
Plus exercises when they are held to
help ensure these are effective and useful for strengthe
ning regional
response capacities.
27.
Other year
-
two activities should include:
a.
Developing a register of disaster
-
relief assets, emergency stores and
resources (including human resources) and niche capabilities that
countries in the region are able to make
available at short notice for
disaster response;
b.
Identifying gaps in regional disaster response capacity; and
c.
Exploring or facilitating temporary exchanges of staff or secondments of
staff between national disaster management organisations and/or
emergenc
y services.
Year 3 (2014)
28.
EAS
participating countries
would look to full operational exercising of the
new institutional arrangements and desk
-
top
planning exercises put into place
in years one and two in order to:
a.
strengthen regional rapid response capac
ity through increased operability
of EAS disaster management capabilities; and
b.
simulate large
-
scale relief operations at (an) agreed venue(s) within the
region.
29.
Following large
-
scale field exercises, EAS
participating countries
would look
to finalise new p
olicy, institutional and operational
arrangements.
a.
T
o enhance
existing arrangements, including the ASEAN Committee on
Disaster Management (ACDM), to a more cohesive, coordinated and
effective regional disaster management and response effort/preparedness.
b.
A
gree to a schedule of desk
-
top and field
-
operational exercising into the
future.
Kepulauan Romang terdapat Kampung Hila
kepulauan Romangterdapat di daerah kabupaten baru yaitu MBD (Maluku Tenggara barat), pulau ini biasa di sebut dengan nama lain Riomna Wiyatna..dengan luas kecamatan 1.129,6 km 2.
Wilayah kampung hila ini berbukit ,dan untuk kampung yang tua adalah jerusu.. dan kampung yang baru adalah solath dan satu dusun yaitu Oirelili..
Kepulauan Haruku Maluku tengah Propinsi Maluku
Di antara semua jenis dan bentuk sasi di Haruku, yang paling menarik dan paling unik atau khas desa ini adalah sasi ikan lompa (Trisina baelama; sejenis ikan sardin kecil).
Jenis sasi ini dikatakan khas Haruku, karena memang tidak terdapat di tempat lain di seluruh Maluku. Lebih unik lagi karena sasi ini sekaligus merupakan perpaduan antara sasi laut dengan sasi kali. Hal ini disebabkan karena keunikan ikan lompa itu sendiri yang, mirip perangai ikan salmon yang dikenal luas di Eropa dan Amerika, dapat hidup baik di air laut maupun di air kali. Setiap hari, dari pukul 04.00 dinihari sampai pukul 18.30 petang, ikan ini tetap tinggal di dalam kali Learisa Kayeli sejauh kuranglebih 1500 meter dari muara. Pada malam hari barulah ikan-ikan ini ke luar ke laut lepas untuk mencari makan dan kembali lagi ke dalam kali pada subuh hari. Yang menakjubkan adalah bahwa kali Learisa Kayeli yang menjadi tempat hidup dan istirahat mereka sepanjang siang hari, menurut penelitian Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, ternyata sangat miskin unsur-unsur plankton sebagai makanan utama ikan-ikan. Walhasil, tetap menjadi pertanyaan sampai sekarang: dimana sebenarnya ikan lompa ini bertelur untuk melahirkan generasi baru mereka?
